This work prepared highly water-soluble meta-modified sulfur-viologen electrolytes (2.39 M). Theoretical calculations indicated that the dihedral angle between pyridine planes nears zero (0.14°), locking the conjugated plane and enhancing aromaticity. Strong π-π interactions significantly suppressedthe reactivity of radicals with dissolved oxygen. Compared to paramodified, the meta-modified viologen improved solubility and overcame weak conjugation and radical instability of traditional viologens. The [(NPr)2SV]Cl4/FcNCl-based AORFB exhibits capacity retention nearing 96.12% over 2500 cycles, and a 4.1-fold improvement.

原文链接：https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405829724006500?via%3Dihub=